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| <td><h1>CodeIgniter User Guide Version 1.7.2</h1></td> |
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| <h1>Views</h1> |
| |
| <p>A <dfn>view</dfn> is simply a web page, or a page fragment, like a header, footer, sidebar, etc. |
| In fact, views can flexibly be embedded within other views (within other views, etc., etc.) if you need this type |
| of hierarchy.</p> |
| |
| <p>Views are never called directly, they must be loaded by a <a href="controllers.html">controller</a>. Remember that in an MVC framework, the Controller acts as the |
| traffic cop, so it is responsible for fetching a particular view. If you have not read the <a href="controllers.html">Controllers</a> page |
| you should do so before continuing.</p> |
| |
| <p>Using the example controller you created in the <a href="controllers.html">controller</a> page, let's add a view to it.</p> |
| |
| <h2>Creating a View</h2> |
| |
| <p>Using your text editor, create a file called <dfn>blogview.php</dfn>, and put this in it:</p> |
| |
| <textarea class="textarea" style="width:100%" cols="50" rows="10"> |
| <html> |
| <head> |
| <title>My Blog</title> |
| </head> |
| <body> |
| <h1>Welcome to my Blog!</h1> |
| </body> |
| </html> |
| </textarea> |
| |
| <p>Then save the file in your <dfn>application/views/</dfn> folder.</p> |
| |
| <h2>Loading a View</h2> |
| |
| <p>To load a particular view file you will use the following function:</p> |
| |
| <code>$this->load->view('<var>name</var>');</code> |
| |
| <p>Where <var>name</var> is the name of your view file. Note: The .php file extension does not need to be specified unless you use something other than <kbd>.php</kbd>.</p> |
| |
| |
| <p>Now, open the controller file you made earlier called <dfn>blog.php</dfn>, and replace the echo statement with the view loading function:</p> |
| |
| |
| <textarea class="textarea" style="width:100%" cols="50" rows="10"> |
| <?php |
| class Blog extends Controller { |
| |
| function index() |
| { |
| $this->load->view('blogview'); |
| } |
| } |
| ?> |
| </textarea> |
| |
| |
| <p>If you visit the your site using the URL you did earlier you should see your new view. The URL was similar to this:</p> |
| |
| <code>example.com/index.php/<var>blog</var>/</code> |
| |
| <h2>Loading multiple views</h2> |
| <p>CodeIgniter will intelligently handle multiple calls to $this->load->view from within a controller. If more then one call happens they will be appended together. For example, you may wish to have a header view, a menu view, a content view, and a footer view. That might look something like this:</p> |
| <p><code><?php<br /> |
| <br /> |
| class Page extends Controller {<br /><br /> |
| |
| function index()<br /> |
| {<br /> |
| $data['page_title'] = 'Your title';<br /> |
| $this->load->view('header');<br /> |
| $this->load->view('menu');<br /> |
| $this->load->view('content', $data);<br /> |
| $this->load->view('footer');<br /> |
| }<br /> |
| <br /> |
| }<br /> |
| ?></code></p> |
| <p>In the example above, we are using "dynamically added data", which you will see below.</p> |
| <h2>Storing Views within Sub-folders</h2> |
| <p>Your view files can also be stored within sub-folders if you prefer that type of organization. When doing so you will need |
| to include the folder name loading the view. Example:</p> |
| |
| <code>$this->load->view('<kbd>folder_name</kbd>/<var>file_name</var>');</code> |
| |
| |
| <h2>Adding Dynamic Data to the View</h2> |
| |
| <p>Data is passed from the controller to the view by way of an <strong>array</strong> or an <strong>object</strong> in the second |
| parameter of the view loading function. Here is an example using an array:</p> |
| |
| <code>$data = array(<br /> |
| 'title' => 'My Title',<br /> |
| 'heading' => 'My Heading',<br /> |
| 'message' => 'My Message'<br /> |
| );<br /> |
| <br /> |
| $this->load->view('blogview', <var>$data</var>);</code> |
| |
| <p>And here's an example using an object:</p> |
| |
| <code>$data = new Someclass();<br /> |
| $this->load->view('blogview', <var>$data</var>);</code> |
| |
| <p>Note: If you use an object, the class variables will be turned into array elements.</p> |
| |
| |
| <p>Let's try it with your controller file. Open it add this code:</p> |
| |
| <textarea class="textarea" style="width:100%" cols="50" rows="14"> |
| <?php |
| class Blog extends Controller { |
| |
| function index() |
| { |
| $data['title'] = "My Real Title"; |
| $data['heading'] = "My Real Heading"; |
| |
| $this->load->view('blogview', $data); |
| } |
| } |
| ?> |
| </textarea> |
| |
| |
| <p>Now open your view file and change the text to variables that correspond to the array keys in your data:</p> |
| |
| |
| <textarea class="textarea" style="width:100%" cols="50" rows="10"> |
| <html> |
| <head> |
| <title><?php echo $title;?></title> |
| </head> |
| <body> |
| <h1><?php echo $heading;?></h1> |
| </body> |
| </html> |
| </textarea> |
| |
| <p>Then load the page at the URL you've been using and you should see the variables replaced.</p> |
| |
| <h2>Creating Loops</h2> |
| |
| <p>The data array you pass to your view files is not limited to simple variables. You can |
| pass multi dimensional arrays, which can be looped to generate multiple rows. For example, if you |
| pull data from your database it will typically be in the form of a multi-dimensional array.</p> |
| |
| <p>Here's a simple example. Add this to your controller:</p> |
| |
| <textarea class="textarea" style="width:100%" cols="50" rows="17"> |
| <?php |
| class Blog extends Controller { |
| |
| function index() |
| { |
| $data['todo_list'] = array('Clean House', 'Call Mom', 'Run Errands'); |
| |
| $data['title'] = "My Real Title"; |
| $data['heading'] = "My Real Heading"; |
| |
| $this->load->view('blogview', $data); |
| } |
| } |
| ?> |
| </textarea> |
| |
| |
| <p>Now open your view file and create a loop:</p> |
| |
| |
| <textarea class="textarea" style="width:100%" cols="50" rows="24"> |
| <html> |
| <head> |
| <title><?php echo $title;?></title> |
| </head> |
| <body> |
| <h1><?php echo $heading;?></h1> |
| |
| <h3>My Todo List</h3> |
| |
| <ul> |
| <?php foreach($todo_list as $item):?> |
| |
| <li><?php echo $item;?></li> |
| |
| <?php endforeach;?> |
| </ul> |
| |
| </body> |
| </html> |
| </textarea> |
| <p><strong>Note:</strong> You'll notice that in the example above we are using PHP's alternative syntax. If you |
| are not familiar with it you can read about it <a href="alternative_php.html">here</a>.</p> |
| |
| <h2>Returning views as data</h2> |
| |
| <p>There is a third <strong>optional</strong> parameter lets you change the behavior of the function so that it returns data as a string |
| rather than sending it to your browser. This can be useful if you want to process the data in some way. If you |
| set the parameter to <kbd>true</kbd> (boolean) it will return data. The default behavior is <kbd>false</kbd>, which sends it |
| to your browser. Remember to assign it to a variable if you want the data returned:</p> |
| |
| <code>$string = $this->load->view('<var>myfile</var>', '', <kbd>true</kbd>);</code> |
| |
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