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Derek Allardd2df9bc2007-04-15 17:41:17 +0000[diff] [blame]5<title>CodeIgniter User Guide</title>
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Derek Allard60ca9b72007-07-12 19:53:27 +0000[diff] [blame]36<td><h1>CodeIgniter User Guide Version 1.5.4</h1></td>
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Derek Allardd2df9bc2007-04-15 17:41:17 +0000[diff] [blame]48<a href="http://www.codeigniter.com/">CodeIgniter Home</a> &nbsp;&#8250;&nbsp;
adminb0dd10f2006-08-25 17:25:49 +0000[diff] [blame]49<a href="../index.html">User Guide Home</a> &nbsp;&#8250;&nbsp;
50URI Routing
51</td>
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62
63<h1>URI Routing</h1>
64
admine334c472006-10-21 19:44:22 +0000[diff] [blame]65<p>Typically there is a one-to-one relationship between a URL string and its corresponding controller class/method.
adminb0dd10f2006-08-25 17:25:49 +0000[diff] [blame]66The segments in a URI normally follow this pattern:</p>
67
68<code>www.your-site.com/<dfn>class</dfn>/<samp>function</samp>/<var>id</var>/</code>
69
admine334c472006-10-21 19:44:22 +0000[diff] [blame]70<p>In some instances, however, you may want to remap this relationship so that a different class/function can be called
adminb0dd10f2006-08-25 17:25:49 +0000[diff] [blame]71instead of the one corresponding to the URL.</p>
72
73<p>For example, lets say you want your URLs to have this prototype:</p>
74
75<p>
76www.your-site.com/product/1/<br />
77www.your-site.com/product/2/<br />
78www.your-site.com/product/3/<br />
79www.your-site.com/product/4/
80</p>
81
admine334c472006-10-21 19:44:22 +0000[diff] [blame]82<p>Normally the second segment of the URL is reserved for the function name, but in the example above it instead has a product ID.
Derek Allardd2df9bc2007-04-15 17:41:17 +0000[diff] [blame]83To overcome this, CodeIgniter allows you to remap the URI handler.</p>
adminb0dd10f2006-08-25 17:25:49 +0000[diff] [blame]84
85
86<h2>Setting your own routing rules</h2>
87
admind4e95072006-08-26 01:15:06 +0000[diff] [blame]88<p>Routing rules are defined in your <var>application/config/routes.php</var> file. In it you'll see an array called <dfn>$route</dfn> that
Derek Allardc6441282007-07-04 23:54:32 +0000[diff] [blame]89permits you to specify your own routing criteria. Routes can either be specified using <dfn>wildcards</dfn> or <dfn>Regular Expressions</dfn></p>
admind4e95072006-08-26 01:15:06 +0000[diff] [blame]90
91
92<h2>Wildcards</h2>
93
94<p>A typical wildcard route might look something like this:</p>
adminb0dd10f2006-08-25 17:25:49 +0000[diff] [blame]95
96<code>$route['product/:num'] = "catalog/product_lookup";</code>
97
admine334c472006-10-21 19:44:22 +0000[diff] [blame]98<p>In a route, the array key contains the URI to be matched, while the array value contains the destination it should be re-routed to.
99In the above example, if the literal word "product" is found in the first segment of the URL, and a number is found in the second segment,
adminb0dd10f2006-08-25 17:25:49 +0000[diff] [blame]100the "catalog" class and the "product_lookup" method are instead used.</p>
101
102<p>You can match literal values or you can use two wildcard types:</p>
103
104<p>
105:num<br />
106:any
107</p>
108
109<p><strong>:num</strong> will match a segment containing only numbers.<br />
110<strong>:any</strong> will match a segment containing any character.
111</p>
112
admine334c472006-10-21 19:44:22 +0000[diff] [blame]113<p class="important"><strong>Note:</strong> Routes will run in the order they are defined.
adminb0dd10f2006-08-25 17:25:49 +0000[diff] [blame]114Higher routes will always take precedence over lower ones.</p>
115
116
117<h2>Examples</h2>
118
119<p>Here are a few routing examples:</p>
120
121<code>$route['journals'] = "blogs";</code>
122<p>Any URL containing the word "journals" in the first segment will be remapped to the "blogs" class.</p>
123
124<code>$route['blog/joe'] = "blogs/users/34";</code>
125<p>Any URL containing the segments blog/joe will be remapped to the "blogs" class and the "users" method. The ID will be set to "34".</p>
126
127
128<code>$route['product/:any'] = "catalog/product_lookup";</code>
129<p>Any URL with "product" as the first segment, and anything in the second will be remapped to the "catalog" class and the "product_lookup" method.</p>
130
131<p class="important"><strong>Important:</strong> Do not use leading/trailing slashes.</p>
132
admind4e95072006-08-26 01:15:06 +0000[diff] [blame]133<h2>Regular Expressions</h2>
adminb0dd10f2006-08-25 17:25:49 +0000[diff] [blame]134
admind4e95072006-08-26 01:15:06 +0000[diff] [blame]135<p>If you prefer you can use regular expressions to define your routing rules. Any valid regular expression is allowed, as are back-references.</p>
136
137<p class="important"><strong>Note:</strong>&nbsp; If you use back-references you must use the dollar syntax rather then the double backslash syntax.</p>
138
139<p>A typical RegEx route might look something like this:</p>
140
adminb071bb52006-08-26 19:28:37 +0000[diff] [blame]141<code>$route['products/([a-z]+)/(\d+)'] = "$1/id_$2";</code>
admind4e95072006-08-26 01:15:06 +0000[diff] [blame]142
143<p>In the above example, a URI similar to <dfn>products/shirts/123</dfn> would instead call the <dfn>shirts</dfn> controller class and the <dfn>id_123</dfn> function.</p>
144
145<p>You can also mix and match wildcards with regular expressions.</p>
146
147<h2>Reserved Routes</h2>
adminb0dd10f2006-08-25 17:25:49 +0000[diff] [blame]148
149<p>There are two reserved routes:</p>
150
151<code>$route['default_controller'] = 'welcome';</code>
152
153<p>This route indicates which controller class should be loaded if the URI contains no data, which will be the case
154when people load your root URL. In the above example, the "welcome" class would be loaded. You
155are encouraged to always have a default route otherwise a 404 page will appear by default.</p>
156
157<code>$route['scaffolding_trigger'] = 'scaffolding';</code>
158
159<p>This route lets you set a secret word, which when present in the URL, triggers the scaffolding feature.
160Please read the <a href="scaffolding.html">Scaffolding</a> page for details.</p>
161
Derek Allard24d95442007-04-30 12:21:37 +0000[diff] [blame]162<p class="important"><strong>Important:</strong>&nbsp; The reserved routes must come before any wildcard or regular expression routes.</p>
admind4e95072006-08-26 01:15:06 +0000[diff] [blame]163
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Derek Allardc6441282007-07-04 23:54:32 +0000[diff] [blame]175</p>
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