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293<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/common_functions.html">Common Functions</a></li>
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295<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/routing.html">URI Routing</a></li>
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302<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/alternative_php.html">Alternate PHP Syntax for View Files</a></li>
303<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/security.html">Security</a></li>
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321<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="image_lib.html">Image Manipulation Class</a></li>
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329<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="parser.html">Template Parser Class</a></li>
330<li class="toctree-l2 current"><a class="current reference internal" href="#">Security Class</a></li>
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332<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="table.html">HTML Table Class</a></li>
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337<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="user_agent.html">User Agent Class</a></li>
338<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="xmlrpc.html">XML-RPC and XML-RPC Server Classes</a></li>
339<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="zip.html">Zip Encoding Class</a></li>
340</ul>
341</li>
342</ul>
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344<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/index.html">Database Reference</a><ul>
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348<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/queries.html">Running Queries</a></li>
349<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/results.html">Generating Query Results</a></li>
350<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/helpers.html">Query Helper Functions</a></li>
351<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/query_builder.html">Query Builder Class</a></li>
352<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/transactions.html">Transactions</a></li>
353<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/metadata.html">Getting MetaData</a></li>
354<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/call_function.html">Custom Function Calls</a></li>
355<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/caching.html">Query Caching</a></li>
356<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/forge.html">Database Manipulation with Database Forge</a></li>
357<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/utilities.html">Database Utilities Class</a></li>
358<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/db_driver_reference.html">Database Driver Reference</a></li>
359</ul>
360</li>
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363<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/index.html">Helpers</a><ul>
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377<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/path_helper.html">Path Helper</a></li>
378<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/security_helper.html">Security Helper</a></li>
379<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/smiley_helper.html">Smiley Helper</a></li>
380<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/string_helper.html">String Helper</a></li>
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383<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/url_helper.html">URL Helper</a></li>
384<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/xml_helper.html">XML Helper</a></li>
385</ul>
386</li>
387</ul>
388
389
390
391 </div>
392 &nbsp;
393 </nav>
394
395 <section data-toggle="wy-nav-shift" class="wy-nav-content-wrap">
396
397
398 <nav class="wy-nav-top" role="navigation" aria-label="top navigation">
399 <i data-toggle="wy-nav-top" class="fa fa-bars"></i>
400 <a href="../index.html">CodeIgniter</a>
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409 <li><a href="../index.html">Docs</a> &raquo;</li>
410
411 <li><a href="index.html">Libraries</a> &raquo;</li>
412
413 <li>Security Class</li>
414 <li class="wy-breadcrumbs-aside">
415
416 </li>
417 <div style="float:right;margin-left:5px;" id="closeMe">
418 <img title="Classic Layout" alt="classic layout" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhFAAUAJEAAAAAADMzM////wAAACH5BAUUAAIALAAAAAAUABQAAAImlI+py+0PU5gRBRDM3DxbWoXis42X13USOLauUIqnlsaH/eY6UwAAOw==" />
419 </div>
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421 <hr/>
422</div>
423 <div role="main" class="document">
424
425 <div class="section" id="security-class">
426<h1>Security Class<a class="headerlink" href="#security-class" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h1>
427<p>The Security Class contains methods that help you create a secure
428application, processing input data for security.</p>
429<div class="contents local topic" id="contents">
430<ul class="simple">
431<li><a class="reference internal" href="#xss-filtering" id="id1">XSS Filtering</a></li>
432<li><a class="reference internal" href="#cross-site-request-forgery-csrf" id="id2">Cross-site request forgery (CSRF)</a></li>
433<li><a class="reference internal" href="#class-reference" id="id3">Class Reference</a></li>
434</ul>
435</div>
436<div class="custom-index container"></div><div class="section" id="xss-filtering">
437<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id1">XSS Filtering</a><a class="headerlink" href="#xss-filtering" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
438<p>CodeIgniter comes with a Cross Site Scripting prevention filter, which
439looks for commonly used techniques to trigger JavaScript or other types
440of code that attempt to hijack cookies or do other malicious things.
441If anything disallowed is encountered it is rendered safe by converting
442the data to character entities.</p>
443<p>To filter data through the XSS filter use the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">xss_clean()</span></code> method:</p>
444<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$data</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">security</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">xss_clean</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$data</span><span class="p">);</span>
445</pre></div>
446</div>
447<p>An optional second parameter, <em>is_image</em>, allows this function to be used
448to test images for potential XSS attacks, useful for file upload
449security. When this second parameter is set to TRUE, instead of
450returning an altered string, the function returns TRUE if the image is
451safe, and FALSE if it contained potentially malicious information that a
452browser may attempt to execute.</p>
453<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">security</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">xss_clean</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$file</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k">TRUE</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">===</span> <span class="k">FALSE</span><span class="p">)</span>
454<span class="p">{</span>
455 <span class="c1">// file failed the XSS test</span>
456<span class="p">}</span>
457</pre></div>
458</div>
459<div class="admonition important">
460<p class="first admonition-title">Important</p>
461<p class="last">If you want to filter HTML attribute values, use
462<a class="reference internal" href="../general/common_functions.html#html_escape" title="html_escape"><code class="xref php php-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">html_escape()</span></code></a> instead!</p>
463</div>
464</div>
465<div class="section" id="cross-site-request-forgery-csrf">
466<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id2">Cross-site request forgery (CSRF)</a><a class="headerlink" href="#cross-site-request-forgery-csrf" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
467<p>You can enable CSRF protection by altering your <strong>application/config/config.php</strong>
468file in the following way:</p>
469<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$config</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;csrf_protection&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">TRUE</span><span class="p">;</span>
470</pre></div>
471</div>
472<p>If you use the <a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/form_helper.html"><span class="doc">form helper</span></a>, then
473<code class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">form_open()</span></code> will automatically insert a hidden csrf field in
474your forms. If not, then you can use <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">get_csrf_token_name()</span></code>
475and <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">get_csrf_hash()</span></code></p>
476<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$csrf</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span>
477 <span class="s1">&#39;name&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">security</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">get_csrf_token_name</span><span class="p">(),</span>
478 <span class="s1">&#39;hash&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">security</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">get_csrf_hash</span><span class="p">()</span>
479<span class="p">);</span>
480
481<span class="o">...</span>
482
483<span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="nx">input</span> <span class="nx">type</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;hidden&quot;</span> <span class="nx">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;&lt;?=</span><span class="si">$csrf[&#39;name&#39;]</span><span class="s2">;?&gt;&quot;</span> <span class="nx">value</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;&lt;?=</span><span class="si">$csrf[&#39;hash&#39;]</span><span class="s2">;?&gt;&quot;</span> <span class="o">/&gt;</span>
484</pre></div>
485</div>
486<p>Tokens may be either regenerated on every submission (default) or
487kept the same throughout the life of the CSRF cookie. The default
488regeneration of tokens provides stricter security, but may result
489in usability concerns as other tokens become invalid (back/forward
490navigation, multiple tabs/windows, asynchronous actions, etc). You
491may alter this behavior by editing the following config parameter</p>
492<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$config</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;csrf_regenerate&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">TRUE</span><span class="p">;</span>
493</pre></div>
494</div>
495<p>Select URIs can be whitelisted from csrf protection (for example API
496endpoints expecting externally POSTed content). You can add these URIs
497by editing the ‘csrf_exclude_uris’ config parameter:</p>
498<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$config</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;csrf_exclude_uris&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;api/person/add&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
499</pre></div>
500</div>
501<p>Regular expressions are also supported (case-insensitive):</p>
502<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$config</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;csrf_exclude_uris&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span>
503 <span class="s1">&#39;api/record/[0-9]+&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
504 <span class="s1">&#39;api/title/[a-z]+&#39;</span>
505<span class="p">);</span>
506</pre></div>
507</div>
508</div>
509<div class="section" id="class-reference">
510<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id3">Class Reference</a><a class="headerlink" href="#class-reference" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
511<dl class="class">
512<dt id="CI_Security">
513<em class="property">class </em><code class="descname">CI_Security</code><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Security" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
514<dd><dl class="method">
515<dt id="CI_Security::xss_clean">
516<code class="descname">xss_clean</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$str</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$is_image = FALSE</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Security::xss_clean" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
517<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
518<col class="field-name" />
519<col class="field-body" />
520<tbody valign="top">
521<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
522<li><strong>$str</strong> (<em>mixed</em>) – Input string or an array of strings</li>
523</ul>
524</td>
525</tr>
526<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">XSS-clean data</p>
527</td>
528</tr>
529<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">mixed</p>
530</td>
531</tr>
532</tbody>
533</table>
534<p>Tries to remove XSS exploits from the input data and returns the cleaned string.
535If the optional second parameter is set to true, it will return boolean TRUE if
536the image is safe to use and FALSE if malicious data was detected in it.</p>
537<div class="admonition important">
538<p class="first admonition-title">Important</p>
539<p class="last">This method is not suitable for filtering HTML attribute values!
540Use <a class="reference internal" href="../general/common_functions.html#html_escape" title="html_escape"><code class="xref php php-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">html_escape()</span></code></a> for that instead.</p>
541</div>
542</dd></dl>
543
544<dl class="method">
545<dt id="CI_Security::sanitize_filename">
546<code class="descname">sanitize_filename</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$str</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$relative_path = FALSE</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Security::sanitize_filename" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
547<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
548<col class="field-name" />
549<col class="field-body" />
550<tbody valign="top">
551<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
552<li><strong>$str</strong> (<em>string</em>) – File name/path</li>
553<li><strong>$relative_path</strong> (<em>bool</em>) – Whether to preserve any directories in the file path</li>
554</ul>
555</td>
556</tr>
557<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Sanitized file name/path</p>
558</td>
559</tr>
560<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
561</td>
562</tr>
563</tbody>
564</table>
565<p>Tries to sanitize filenames in order to prevent directory traversal attempts
566and other security threats, which is particularly useful for files that were supplied via user input.</p>
567<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$filename</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">security</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">sanitize_filename</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">input</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">post</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;filename&#39;</span><span class="p">));</span>
568</pre></div>
569</div>
570<p>If it is acceptable for the user input to include relative paths, e.g.
571<em>file/in/some/approved/folder.txt</em>, you can set the second optional parameter, <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$relative_path</span></code> to TRUE.</p>
572<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$filename</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">security</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">sanitize_filename</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">input</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">post</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;filename&#39;</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="k">TRUE</span><span class="p">);</span>
573</pre></div>
574</div>
575</dd></dl>
576
577<dl class="method">
578<dt id="CI_Security::get_csrf_token_name">
579<code class="descname">get_csrf_token_name</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Security::get_csrf_token_name" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
580<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
581<col class="field-name" />
582<col class="field-body" />
583<tbody valign="top">
584<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body">CSRF token name</td>
585</tr>
586<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body">string</td>
587</tr>
588</tbody>
589</table>
590<p>Returns the CSRF token name (the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$config['csrf_token_name']</span></code> value).</p>
591</dd></dl>
592
593<dl class="method">
594<dt id="CI_Security::get_csrf_hash">
595<code class="descname">get_csrf_hash</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Security::get_csrf_hash" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
596<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
597<col class="field-name" />
598<col class="field-body" />
599<tbody valign="top">
600<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body">CSRF hash</td>
601</tr>
602<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body">string</td>
603</tr>
604</tbody>
605</table>
606<p>Returns the CSRF hash value. Useful in combination with <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">get_csrf_token_name()</span></code>
607for manually building forms or sending valid AJAX POST requests.</p>
608</dd></dl>
609
610<dl class="method">
611<dt id="CI_Security::entity_decode">
612<code class="descname">entity_decode</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$str</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$charset = NULL</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Security::entity_decode" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
613<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
614<col class="field-name" />
615<col class="field-body" />
616<tbody valign="top">
617<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
618<li><strong>$str</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Input string</li>
619<li><strong>$charset</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Character set of the input string</li>
620</ul>
621</td>
622</tr>
623<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Entity-decoded string</p>
624</td>
625</tr>
626<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
627</td>
628</tr>
629</tbody>
630</table>
631<p>This method acts a lot like PHP’s own native <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">html_entity_decode()</span></code> function in ENT_COMPAT mode, only
632it tries to detect HTML entities that don’t end in a semicolon because some browsers allow that.</p>
633<p>If the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$charset</span></code> parameter is left empty, then your configured <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$config['charset']</span></code> value will be used.</p>
634</dd></dl>
635
636<dl class="method">
637<dt id="CI_Security::get_random_bytes">
638<code class="descname">get_random_bytes</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$length</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Security::get_random_bytes" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
639<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
640<col class="field-name" />
641<col class="field-body" />
642<tbody valign="top">
643<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
644<li><strong>$length</strong> (<em>int</em>) – Output length</li>
645</ul>
646</td>
647</tr>
648<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">A binary stream of random bytes or FALSE on failure</p>
649</td>
650</tr>
651<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
652</td>
653</tr>
654</tbody>
655</table>
656<p>A convenience method for getting proper random bytes via <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">mcrypt_create_iv()</span></code>,
657<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">/dev/urandom</span></code> or <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">openssl_random_pseudo_bytes()</span></code> (in that order), if one
658of them is available.</p>
659<p>Used for generating CSRF and XSS tokens.</p>
660<div class="admonition note">
661<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
662<p class="last">The output is NOT guaranteed to be cryptographically secure,
663just the best attempt at that.</p>
664</div>
665</dd></dl>
666
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