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148<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/table.html">HTML Table Class</a></li>
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150<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/typography.html">Typography Class</a></li>
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162<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/configuration.html">Database Configuration</a></li>
163<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/connecting.html">Connecting to a Database</a></li>
164<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/queries.html">Running Queries</a></li>
165<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/results.html">Generating Query Results</a></li>
166<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/helpers.html">Query Helper Functions</a></li>
167<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/query_builder.html">Query Builder Class</a></li>
168<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/transactions.html">Transactions</a></li>
169<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/metadata.html">Getting MetaData</a></li>
170<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/call_function.html">Custom Function Calls</a></li>
171<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/caching.html">Query Caching</a></li>
172<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/forge.html">Database Manipulation with Database Forge</a></li>
173<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/utilities.html">Database Utilities Class</a></li>
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265<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorial/create_news_items.html">Create news items</a></li>
266<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorial/conclusion.html">Conclusion</a></li>
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272<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../documentation/index.html">Writing CodeIgniter Documentation</a></li>
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278<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/index.html">General Topics</a><ul>
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282<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/views.html">Views</a></li>
283<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/models.html">Models</a></li>
284<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/helpers.html">Helpers</a></li>
285<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/libraries.html">Using CodeIgniter Libraries</a></li>
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304<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/styleguide.html">PHP Style Guide</a></li>
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311<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/caching.html">Caching Driver</a></li>
312<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/calendar.html">Calendaring Class</a></li>
313<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/cart.html">Shopping Cart Class</a></li>
314<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/config.html">Config Class</a></li>
315<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/email.html">Email Class</a></li>
316<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/encrypt.html">Encrypt Class</a></li>
317<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/encryption.html">Encryption Library</a></li>
318<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/file_uploading.html">File Uploading Class</a></li>
319<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/form_validation.html">Form Validation</a></li>
320<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/ftp.html">FTP Class</a></li>
321<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/image_lib.html">Image Manipulation Class</a></li>
322<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/input.html">Input Class</a></li>
323<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/javascript.html">Javascript Class</a></li>
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325<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/loader.html">Loader Class</a></li>
326<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/migration.html">Migrations Class</a></li>
327<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/output.html">Output Class</a></li>
328<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/pagination.html">Pagination Class</a></li>
329<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/parser.html">Template Parser Class</a></li>
330<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/security.html">Security Class</a></li>
331<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/sessions.html">Session Library</a></li>
332<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/table.html">HTML Table Class</a></li>
333<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/trackback.html">Trackback Class</a></li>
334<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/typography.html">Typography Class</a></li>
335<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/unit_testing.html">Unit Testing Class</a></li>
336<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/uri.html">URI Class</a></li>
337<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/user_agent.html">User Agent Class</a></li>
338<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/xmlrpc.html">XML-RPC and XML-RPC Server Classes</a></li>
339<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/zip.html">Zip Encoding Class</a></li>
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344<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/index.html">Database Reference</a><ul>
345<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/examples.html">Quick Start: Usage Examples</a></li>
346<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/configuration.html">Database Configuration</a></li>
347<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/connecting.html">Connecting to a Database</a></li>
348<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/queries.html">Running Queries</a></li>
349<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/results.html">Generating Query Results</a></li>
350<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/helpers.html">Query Helper Functions</a></li>
351<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/query_builder.html">Query Builder Class</a></li>
352<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/transactions.html">Transactions</a></li>
353<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/metadata.html">Getting MetaData</a></li>
354<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/call_function.html">Custom Function Calls</a></li>
355<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/caching.html">Query Caching</a></li>
356<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/forge.html">Database Manipulation with Database Forge</a></li>
357<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/utilities.html">Database Utilities Class</a></li>
358<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/db_driver_reference.html">Database Driver Reference</a></li>
359</ul>
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363<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/index.html">Helpers</a><ul>
364<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/array_helper.html">Array Helper</a></li>
365<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/captcha_helper.html">CAPTCHA Helper</a></li>
366<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/cookie_helper.html">Cookie Helper</a></li>
367<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/date_helper.html">Date Helper</a></li>
368<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/directory_helper.html">Directory Helper</a></li>
369<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/download_helper.html">Download Helper</a></li>
370<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/email_helper.html">Email Helper</a></li>
371<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/file_helper.html">File Helper</a></li>
372<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/form_helper.html">Form Helper</a></li>
373<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/html_helper.html">HTML Helper</a></li>
374<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/inflector_helper.html">Inflector Helper</a></li>
375<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/language_helper.html">Language Helper</a></li>
376<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/number_helper.html">Number Helper</a></li>
377<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/path_helper.html">Path Helper</a></li>
378<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/security_helper.html">Security Helper</a></li>
379<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/smiley_helper.html">Smiley Helper</a></li>
380<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/string_helper.html">String Helper</a></li>
381<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/text_helper.html">Text Helper</a></li>
382<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/typography_helper.html">Typography Helper</a></li>
383<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/url_helper.html">URL Helper</a></li>
384<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/xml_helper.html">XML Helper</a></li>
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426<h1>Model-View-Controller<a class="headerlink" href="#model-view-controller" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h1>
427<p>CodeIgniter is based on the Model-View-Controller development pattern.
428MVC is a software approach that separates application logic from
429presentation. In practice, it permits your web pages to contain minimal
430scripting since the presentation is separate from the PHP scripting.</p>
431<ul class="simple">
432<li>The <strong>Model</strong> represents your data structures. Typically your model
433classes will contain functions that help you retrieve, insert, and
434update information in your database.</li>
435<li>The <strong>View</strong> is the information that is being presented to a user. A
436View will normally be a web page, but in CodeIgniter, a view can also
437be a page fragment like a header or footer. It can also be an RSS
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439<li>The <strong>Controller</strong> serves as an <em>intermediary</em> between the Model, the
440View, and any other resources needed to process the HTTP request and
441generate a web page.</li>
442</ul>
443<p>CodeIgniter has a fairly loose approach to MVC since Models are not
444required. If you don’t need the added separation, or find that
445maintaining models requires more complexity than you want, you can
446ignore them and build your application minimally using Controllers and
447Views. CodeIgniter also enables you to incorporate your own existing
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