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Andrey Andreevc5769952019-01-16 17:49:35 +0200[diff] [blame]1
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10 <title>Static pages &mdash; CodeIgniter 3.1.10 documentation</title>
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161<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/examples.html">Quick Start: Usage Examples</a></li>
162<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/configuration.html">Database Configuration</a></li>
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166<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/helpers.html">Query Helper Functions</a></li>
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169<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/metadata.html">Getting MetaData</a></li>
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171<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/caching.html">Query Caching</a></li>
172<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/forge.html">Database Manipulation with Database Forge</a></li>
173<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/utilities.html">Database Utilities Class</a></li>
174<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/db_driver_reference.html">Database Driver Reference</a></li>
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181<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/captcha_helper.html">CAPTCHA Helper</a></li>
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183<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/date_helper.html">Date Helper</a></li>
184<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/directory_helper.html">Directory Helper</a></li>
185<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/download_helper.html">Download Helper</a></li>
186<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/email_helper.html">Email Helper</a></li>
187<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/file_helper.html">File Helper</a></li>
188<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/form_helper.html">Form Helper</a></li>
189<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/html_helper.html">HTML Helper</a></li>
190<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/inflector_helper.html">Inflector Helper</a></li>
191<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/language_helper.html">Language Helper</a></li>
192<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/number_helper.html">Number Helper</a></li>
193<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/path_helper.html">Path Helper</a></li>
194<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/security_helper.html">Security Helper</a></li>
195<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/smiley_helper.html">Smiley Helper</a></li>
196<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/string_helper.html">String Helper</a></li>
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199<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/url_helper.html">URL Helper</a></li>
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266<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="conclusion.html">Conclusion</a></li>
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304<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/styleguide.html">PHP Style Guide</a></li>
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312<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/calendar.html">Calendaring Class</a></li>
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314<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/config.html">Config Class</a></li>
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320<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/ftp.html">FTP Class</a></li>
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336<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/uri.html">URI Class</a></li>
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339<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/zip.html">Zip Encoding Class</a></li>
340</ul>
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353<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/metadata.html">Getting MetaData</a></li>
354<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/call_function.html">Custom Function Calls</a></li>
355<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/caching.html">Query Caching</a></li>
356<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/forge.html">Database Manipulation with Database Forge</a></li>
357<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/utilities.html">Database Utilities Class</a></li>
358<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/db_driver_reference.html">Database Driver Reference</a></li>
359</ul>
360</li>
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423 <div role="main" class="document">
424
425 <div class="section" id="static-pages">
426<h1>Static pages<a class="headerlink" href="#static-pages" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h1>
427<p><strong>Note:</strong> This tutorial assumes you’ve downloaded CodeIgniter and
428<a class="reference internal" href="../installation/index.html"><span class="doc">installed the framework</span></a> in your
429development environment.</p>
430<p>The first thing you’re going to do is set up a <strong>controller</strong> to handle
431static pages. A controller is simply a class that helps delegate work.
432It is the glue of your web application.</p>
433<p>For example, when a call is made to:</p>
434<blockquote>
435<div><a class="reference external" href="http://example.com/news/latest/10">http://example.com/news/latest/10</a></div></blockquote>
436<p>We might imagine that there is a controller named “news”. The method
437being called on news would be “latest”. The news method’s job could be to
438grab 10 news items, and render them on the page. Very often in MVC,
439you’ll see URL patterns that match:</p>
440<blockquote>
441<div><a class="reference external" href="http://example.com/[controller-class]/[controller-method]/[arguments">http://example.com/[controller-class]/[controller-method]/[arguments</a>]</div></blockquote>
442<p>As URL schemes become more complex, this may change. But for now, this
443is all we will need to know.</p>
444<p>Create a file at <em>application/controllers/Pages.php</em> with the following
445code.</p>
446<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="o">&lt;?</span><span class="nx">php</span>
447<span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">Pages</span> <span class="k">extends</span> <span class="nx">CI_Controller</span> <span class="p">{</span>
448
449 <span class="k">public</span> <span class="k">function</span> <span class="nf">view</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$page</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;home&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
450 <span class="p">{</span>
451 <span class="p">}</span>
452<span class="p">}</span>
453</pre></div>
454</div>
455<p>You have created a class named <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Pages</span></code>, with a view method that accepts
456one argument named <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$page</span></code>. The <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Pages</span></code> class is extending the
457<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">CI_Controller</span></code> class. This means that the new pages class can access the
458methods and variables defined in the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">CI_Controller</span></code> class
459(<em>system/core/Controller.php</em>).</p>
460<p>The <strong>controller is what will become the center of every request</strong> to
461your web application. In very technical CodeIgniter discussions, it may
462be referred to as the <em>super object</em>. Like any php class, you refer to
463it within your controllers as <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$this</span></code>. Referring to <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$this</span></code> is how
464you will load libraries, views, and generally command the framework.</p>
465<p>Now you’ve created your first method, it’s time to make some basic page
466templates. We will be creating two “views” (page templates) that act as
467our page footer and header.</p>
468<p>Create the header at <em>application/views/templates/header.php</em> and add
469the following code:</p>
470<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="nx">html</span><span class="o">&gt;</span>
471 <span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="nx">head</span><span class="o">&gt;</span>
472 <span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="nx">title</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="nx">CodeIgniter</span> <span class="nx">Tutorial</span><span class="o">&lt;/</span><span class="nx">title</span><span class="o">&gt;</span>
473 <span class="o">&lt;/</span><span class="nx">head</span><span class="o">&gt;</span>
474 <span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="nx">body</span><span class="o">&gt;</span>
475
476 <span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="nx">h1</span><span class="o">&gt;&lt;?</span><span class="nx">php</span> <span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$title</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="cp">?&gt;</span><span class="p">&lt;/</span><span class="nt">h1</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
477</pre></div>
478</div>
479<p>The header contains the basic HTML code that you’ll want to display
480before loading the main view, together with a heading. It will also
481output the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$title</span></code> variable, which we’ll define later in the controller.
482Now, create a footer at <em>application/views/templates/footer.php</em> that
483includes the following code:</p>
484<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span> <span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="nx">em</span><span class="o">&gt;&amp;</span><span class="nb">copy</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="mi">2015</span><span class="o">&lt;/</span><span class="nx">em</span><span class="o">&gt;</span>
485 <span class="o">&lt;/</span><span class="nx">body</span><span class="o">&gt;</span>
486<span class="o">&lt;/</span><span class="nx">html</span><span class="o">&gt;</span>
487</pre></div>
488</div>
489<div class="section" id="adding-logic-to-the-controller">
490<h2>Adding logic to the controller<a class="headerlink" href="#adding-logic-to-the-controller" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
491<p>Earlier you set up a controller with a <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">view()</span></code> method. The method
492accepts one parameter, which is the name of the page to be loaded. The
493static page templates will be located in the <em>application/views/pages/</em>
494directory.</p>
495<p>In that directory, create two files named <em>home.php</em> and <em>about.php</em>.
496Within those files, type some text − anything you’d like − and save them.
497If you like to be particularly un-original, try “Hello World!”.</p>
498<p>In order to load those pages, you’ll have to check whether the requested
499page actually exists:</p>
500<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">public</span> <span class="k">function</span> <span class="nf">view</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$page</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;home&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
501<span class="p">{</span>
502 <span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span> <span class="o">!</span> <span class="nb">file_exists</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">APPPATH</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="s1">&#39;views/pages/&#39;</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nv">$page</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="s1">&#39;.php&#39;</span><span class="p">))</span>
503 <span class="p">{</span>
504 <span class="c1">// Whoops, we don&#39;t have a page for that!</span>
505 <span class="nx">show_404</span><span class="p">();</span>
506 <span class="p">}</span>
507
508 <span class="nv">$data</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;title&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">ucfirst</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$page</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="c1">// Capitalize the first letter</span>
509
510 <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">view</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;templates/header&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$data</span><span class="p">);</span>
511 <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">view</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;pages/&#39;</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nv">$page</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$data</span><span class="p">);</span>
512 <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">view</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;templates/footer&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$data</span><span class="p">);</span>
513<span class="p">}</span>
514</pre></div>
515</div>
516<p>Now, when the page does exist, it is loaded, including the header and
517footer, and displayed to the user. If the page doesn’t exist, a “404
518Page not found” error is shown.</p>
519<p>The first line in this method checks whether the page actually exists.
520PHP’s native <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">file_exists()</span></code> function is used to check whether the file
521is where it’s expected to be. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">show_404()</span></code> is a built-in CodeIgniter
522function that renders the default error page.</p>
523<p>In the header template, the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$title</span></code> variable was used to customize the
524page title. The value of title is defined in this method, but instead of
525assigning the value to a variable, it is assigned to the title element
526in the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$data</span></code> array.</p>
527<p>The last thing that has to be done is loading the views in the order
528they should be displayed. The second parameter in the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">view()</span></code> method is
529used to pass values to the view. Each value in the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$data</span></code> array is
530assigned to a variable with the name of its key. So the value of
531<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$data['title']</span></code> in the controller is equivalent to <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$title</span></code> in the
532view.</p>
533</div>
534<div class="section" id="routing">
535<h2>Routing<a class="headerlink" href="#routing" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
536<p>The controller is now functioning! Point your browser to
537<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">[your-site-url]index.php/pages/view</span></code> to see your page. When you visit
538<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">index.php/pages/view/about</span></code> you’ll see the about page, again including
539the header and footer.</p>
540<p>Using custom routing rules, you have the power to map any URI to any
541controller and method, and break free from the normal convention:
542<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">http://example.com/[controller-class]/[controller-method]/[arguments]</span></code></p>
543<p>Let’s do that. Open the routing file located at
544<em>application/config/routes.php</em> and add the following two lines.
545Remove all other code that sets any element in the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$route</span></code> array.</p>
546<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$route</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;default_controller&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;pages/view&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
547<span class="nv">$route</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;(:any)&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;pages/view/$1&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
548</pre></div>
549</div>
550<p>CodeIgniter reads its routing rules from top to bottom and routes the
551request to the first matching rule. Each rule is a regular expression
552(left-side) mapped to a controller and method name separated by slashes
553(right-side). When a request comes in, CodeIgniter looks for the first
554match, and calls the appropriate controller and method, possibly with
555arguments.</p>
556<p>More information about routing can be found in the URI Routing
557<a class="reference internal" href="../general/routing.html"><span class="doc">documentation</span></a>.</p>
558<p>Here, the second rule in the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$routes</span></code> array matches <strong>any</strong> request
559using the wildcard string <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">(:any)</span></code>. and passes the parameter to the
560<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">view()</span></code> method of the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Pages</span></code> class.</p>
561<p>Now visit <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">index.php/about</span></code>. Did it get routed correctly to the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">view()</span></code>
562method in the pages controller? Awesome!</p>
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