system/core/Security.php

<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
/**
 * CodeIgniter
 *
 * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.2.4 or newer
 *
 * NOTICE OF LICENSE
 *
 * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
 *
 * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
 * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
 * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
 * http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0
 * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to obtain it
 * through the world wide web, please send an email to
 * licensing@ellislab.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
 *
 * @package		CodeIgniter
 * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
 * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
 * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
 * @link		http://codeigniter.com
 * @since		Version 1.0
 * @filesource
 */

/**
 * Security Class
 *
 * @package		CodeIgniter
 * @subpackage	Libraries
 * @category	Security
 * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
 * @link		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/libraries/security.html
 */
class CI_Security {

	/**
	 * Random Hash for protecting URLs
	 *
	 * @var string
	 */
	protected $_xss_hash =	'';

	/**
	 * Random Hash for Cross Site Request Forgery Protection Cookie
	 *
	 * @var string
	 */
	protected $_csrf_hash =	'';

	/**
	 * Expiration time for Cross Site Request Forgery Protection Cookie
	 * Defaults to two hours (in seconds)
	 *
	 * @var int
	 */
	protected $_csrf_expire =	7200;

	/**
	 * Token name for Cross Site Request Forgery Protection Cookie
	 *
	 * @var string
	 */
	protected $_csrf_token_name =	'ci_csrf_token';

	/**
	 * Cookie name for Cross Site Request Forgery Protection Cookie
	 *
	 * @var string
	 */
	protected $_csrf_cookie_name =	'ci_csrf_token';

	/**
	 * List of never allowed strings
	 *
	 * @var array
	 */
	protected $_never_allowed_str =	array(
		'document.cookie'	=> '[removed]',
		'document.write'	=> '[removed]',
		'.parentNode'		=> '[removed]',
		'.innerHTML'		=> '[removed]',
		'window.location'	=> '[removed]',
		'-moz-binding'		=> '[removed]',
		'<!--'				=> '&lt;!--',
		'-->'				=> '--&gt;',
		'<![CDATA['			=> '&lt;![CDATA[',
		'<comment>'			=> '&lt;comment&gt;'
	);

	/**
	 * List of never allowed regex replacement
	 *
	 * @var array
	 */
	protected $_never_allowed_regex = array(
		'javascript\s*:',
		'expression\s*(\(|&\#40;)', // CSS and IE
		'vbscript\s*:', // IE, surprise!
		'Redirect\s+302',
		"([\"'])?data\s*:[^\\1]*?base64[^\\1]*?,[^\\1]*?\\1?"
	);

	/**
	 * Initialize security class
	 *
	 * @return	void
	 */
	public function __construct()
	{
		// Is CSRF protection enabled?
		if (config_item('csrf_protection') === TRUE)
		{
			// CSRF config
			foreach (array('csrf_expire', 'csrf_token_name', 'csrf_cookie_name') as $key)
			{
				if (FALSE !== ($val = config_item($key)))
				{
					$this->{'_'.$key} = $val;
				}
			}

			// Append application specific cookie prefix
			if (config_item('cookie_prefix'))
			{
				$this->_csrf_cookie_name = config_item('cookie_prefix').$this->_csrf_cookie_name;
			}

			// Set the CSRF hash
			$this->_csrf_set_hash();
		}

		log_message('debug', 'Security Class Initialized');
	}

	// --------------------------------------------------------------------

	/**
	 * Verify Cross Site Request Forgery Protection
	 *
	 * @return	object
	 */
	public function csrf_verify()
	{
		// If it's not a POST request we will set the CSRF cookie
		if (strtoupper($_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD']) !== 'POST')
		{
			return $this->csrf_set_cookie();
		}

		// Check if URI has been whitelisted from CSRF checks
		if ($exclude_uris = config_item('csrf_exclude_uris'))
		{
			$uri = load_class('URI', 'core');
			if (in_array($uri->uri_string(), $exclude_uris))
			{
				return $this;
			}
		}

		// Do the tokens exist in both the _POST and _COOKIE arrays?
		if ( ! isset($_POST[$this->_csrf_token_name]) OR ! isset($_COOKIE[$this->_csrf_cookie_name])
			OR $_POST[$this->_csrf_token_name] !== $_COOKIE[$this->_csrf_cookie_name]) // Do the tokens match?
		{
			$this->csrf_show_error();
		}

		// We kill this since we're done and we don't want to polute the _POST array
		unset($_POST[$this->_csrf_token_name]);

		// Regenerate on every submission?
		if (config_item('csrf_regenerate'))
		{
			// Nothing should last forever
			unset($_COOKIE[$this->_csrf_cookie_name]);
			$this->_csrf_hash = '';
		}

		$this->_csrf_set_hash();
		$this->csrf_set_cookie();

		log_message('debug', 'CSRF token verified');
		return $this;
	}

	// --------------------------------------------------------------------

	/**
	 * Set Cross Site Request Forgery Protection Cookie
	 *
	 * @return	object
	 * @codeCoverageIgnore
	 */
	public function csrf_set_cookie()
	{
		$expire = time() + $this->_csrf_expire;
		$secure_cookie = (bool) config_item('cookie_secure');

		if ($secure_cookie && (empty($_SERVER['HTTPS']) OR strtolower($_SERVER['HTTPS']) === 'off'))
		{
			return FALSE;
		}

		setcookie(
			$this->_csrf_cookie_name,
			$this->_csrf_hash,
			$expire,
			config_item('cookie_path'),
			config_item('cookie_domain'),
			$secure_cookie,
			config_item('cookie_httponly')
		);
		log_message('debug', 'CRSF cookie Set');

		return $this;
	}

	// --------------------------------------------------------------------

	/**
	 * Show CSRF Error
	 *
	 * @return	void
	 */
	public function csrf_show_error()
	{
		show_error('The action you have requested is not allowed.');
	}

	// --------------------------------------------------------------------

	/**
	 * Get CSRF Hash
	 *
	 * Getter Method
	 *
	 * @return 	string 	self::_csrf_hash
	 */
	public function get_csrf_hash()
	{
		return $this->_csrf_hash;
	}

	// --------------------------------------------------------------------

	/**
	 * Get CSRF Token Name
	 *
	 * Getter Method
	 *
	 * @return 	string 	self::_csrf_token_name
	 */
	public function get_csrf_token_name()
	{
		return $this->_csrf_token_name;
	}

	// --------------------------------------------------------------------

	/**
	 * XSS Clean
	 *
	 * Sanitizes data so that Cross Site Scripting Hacks can be
	 * prevented.  This function does a fair amount of work but
	 * it is extremely thorough, designed to prevent even the
	 * most obscure XSS attempts.  Nothing is ever 100% foolproof,
	 * of course, but I haven't been able to get anything passed
	 * the filter.
	 *
	 * Note: This function should only be used to deal with data
	 * upon submission. It's not something that should
	 * be used for general runtime processing.
	 *
	 * This function was based in part on some code and ideas I
	 * got from Bitflux: http://channel.bitflux.ch/wiki/XSS_Prevention
	 *
	 * To help develop this script I used this great list of
	 * vulnerabilities along with a few other hacks I've
	 * harvested from examining vulnerabilities in other programs:
	 * http://ha.ckers.org/xss.html
	 *
	 * @param	mixed	string or array
	 * @param 	bool
	 * @return	string
	 */
	public function xss_clean($str, $is_image = FALSE)
	{
		// Is the string an array?
		if (is_array($str))
		{
			while (list($key) = each($str))
			{
				$str[$key] = $this->xss_clean($str[$key]);
			}

			return $str;
		}

		// Remove Invisible Characters and validate entities in URLs
		$str = $this->_validate_entities(remove_invisible_characters($str));

		/*
		 * URL Decode
		 *
		 * Just in case stuff like this is submitted:
		 *
		 * <a href="http://%77%77%77%2E%67%6F%6F%67%6C%65%2E%63%6F%6D">Google</a>
		 *
		 * Note: Use rawurldecode() so it does not remove plus signs
		 */
		$str = rawurldecode($str);

		/*
		 * Convert character entities to ASCII
		 *
		 * This permits our tests below to work reliably.
		 * We only convert entities that are within tags since
		 * these are the ones that will pose security problems.
		 */
		$str = preg_replace_callback("/[a-z]+=([\'\"]).*?\\1/si", array($this, '_convert_attribute'), $str);
		$str = preg_replace_callback('/<\w+.*?(?=>|<|$)/si', array($this, '_decode_entity'), $str);

		// Remove Invisible Characters Again!
		$str = remove_invisible_characters($str);

		/*
		 * Convert all tabs to spaces
		 *
		 * This prevents strings like this: ja	vascript
		 * NOTE: we deal with spaces between characters later.
		 * NOTE: preg_replace was found to be amazingly slow here on
		 * large blocks of data, so we use str_replace.
		 */
		$str = str_replace("\t", ' ', $str);

		// Capture converted string for later comparison
		$converted_string = $str;

		// Remove Strings that are never allowed
		$str = $this->_do_never_allowed($str);

		/*
		 * Makes PHP tags safe
		 *
		 * Note: XML tags are inadvertently replaced too:
		 *
		 * <?xml
		 *
		 * But it doesn't seem to pose a problem.
		 */
		if ($is_image === TRUE)
		{
			// Images have a tendency to have the PHP short opening and
			// closing tags every so often so we skip those and only
			// do the long opening tags.
			$str = preg_replace('/<\?(php)/i', '&lt;?\\1', $str);
		}
		else
		{
			$str = str_replace(array('<?', '?'.'>'),  array('&lt;?', '?&gt;'), $str);
		}

		/*
		 * Compact any exploded words
		 *
		 * This corrects words like:  j a v a s c r i p t
		 * These words are compacted back to their correct state.
		 */
		$words = array(
			'javascript', 'expression', 'vbscript', 'script', 'base64',
			'applet', 'alert', 'document', 'write', 'cookie', 'window'
		);


		foreach ($words as $word)
		{
			$word = implode('\s*', str_split($word)).'\s*';

			// We only want to do this when it is followed by a non-word character
			// That way valid stuff like "dealer to" does not become "dealerto"
			$str = preg_replace_callback('#('.substr($word, 0, -3).')(\W)#is', array($this, '_compact_exploded_words'), $str);
		}

		/*
		 * Remove disallowed Javascript in links or img tags
		 * We used to do some version comparisons and use of stripos for PHP5,
		 * but it is dog slow compared to these simplified non-capturing
		 * preg_match(), especially if the pattern exists in the string
		 */
		do
		{
			$original = $str;

			if (preg_match('/<a/i', $str))
			{
				$str = preg_replace_callback('#<a\s+([^>]*?)(?:>|$)#si', array($this, '_js_link_removal'), $str);
			}

			if (preg_match('/<img/i', $str))
			{
				$str = preg_replace_callback('#<img\s+([^>]*?)(?:\s?/?>|$)#si', array($this, '_js_img_removal'), $str);
			}

			if (preg_match('/script|xss/i', $str))
			{
				$str = preg_replace('#</*(?:script|xss).*?>#si', '[removed]', $str);
			}
		}
		while ($original !== $str);

		unset($original);

		// Remove evil attributes such as style, onclick and xmlns
		$str = $this->_remove_evil_attributes($str, $is_image);

		/*
		 * Sanitize naughty HTML elements
		 *
		 * If a tag containing any of the words in the list
		 * below is found, the tag gets converted to entities.
		 *
		 * So this: <blink>
		 * Becomes: &lt;blink&gt;
		 */
		$naughty = 'alert|applet|audio|basefont|base|behavior|bgsound|blink|body|embed|expression|form|frameset|frame|head|html|ilayer|iframe|input|isindex|layer|link|meta|object|plaintext|style|script|textarea|title|video|xml|xss';
		$str = preg_replace_callback('#<(/*\s*)('.$naughty.')([^><]*)([><]*)#is', array($this, '_sanitize_naughty_html'), $str);

		/*
		 * Sanitize naughty scripting elements
		 *
		 * Similar to above, only instead of looking for
		 * tags it looks for PHP and JavaScript commands
		 * that are disallowed. Rather than removing the
		 * code, it simply converts the parenthesis to entities
		 * rendering the code un-executable.
		 *
		 * For example:	eval('some code')
		 * Becomes:	eval&#40;'some code'&#41;
		 */
		$str = preg_replace('#(alert|cmd|passthru|eval|exec|expression|system|fopen|fsockopen|file|file_get_contents|readfile|unlink)(\s*)\((.*?)\)#si',
					'\\1\\2&#40;\\3&#41;',
					$str);

		// Final clean up
		// This adds a bit of extra precaution in case
		// something got through the above filters
		$str = $this->_do_never_allowed($str);

		/*
		 * Images are Handled in a Special Way
		 * - Essentially, we want to know that after all of the character
		 * conversion is done whether any unwanted, likely XSS, code was found.
		 * If not, we return TRUE, as the image is clean.
		 * However, if the string post-conversion does not matched the
		 * string post-removal of XSS, then it fails, as there was unwanted XSS
		 * code found and removed/changed during processing.
		 */
		if ($is_image === TRUE)
		{
			return ($str === $converted_string);
		}

		log_message('debug', 'XSS Filtering completed');
		return $str;
	}

	// --------------------------------------------------------------------

	/**
	 * Random Hash for protecting URLs
	 *
	 * @return	string
	 */
	public function xss_hash()
	{
		if ($this->_xss_hash === '')
		{
			mt_srand();
			$this->_xss_hash = md5(time() + mt_rand(0, 1999999999));
		}

		return $this->_xss_hash;
	}

	// --------------------------------------------------------------------

	/**
	 * HTML Entities Decode
	 *
	 * This function is a replacement for html_entity_decode()
	 *
	 * The reason we are not using html_entity_decode() by itself is because
	 * while it is not technically correct to leave out the semicolon
	 * at the end of an entity most browsers will still interpret the entity
	 * correctly. html_entity_decode() does not convert entities without
	 * semicolons, so we are left with our own little solution here. Bummer.
	 *
	 * @param	string
	 * @param	string
	 * @return	string
	 */
	public function entity_decode($str, $charset = NULL)
	{
		if (strpos($str, '&') === FALSE)
		{
			return $str;
		}

		if (empty($charset))
		{
			$charset = config_item('charset');
		}

		$str = html_entity_decode($str, ENT_COMPAT, $charset);
		$str = preg_replace('~&#x(0*[0-9a-f]{2,5})~ei', 'chr(hexdec("\\1"))', $str);
		return preg_replace('~&#([0-9]{2,4})~e', 'chr(\\1)', $str);
	}

	// --------------------------------------------------------------------

	/**
	 * Filename Security
	 *
	 * @param	string
	 * @param 	bool
	 * @return	string
	 */
	public function sanitize_filename($str, $relative_path = FALSE)
	{
		$bad = array(
			'../', '<!--', '-->', '<', '>',
			"'", '"', '&', '$', '#',
			'{', '}', '[', ']', '=',
			';', '?', '%20', '%22',
			'%3c',		// <
			'%253c',	// <
			'%3e',		// >
			'%0e',		// >
			'%28',		// (
			'%29',		// )
			'%2528',	// (
			'%26',		// &
			'%24',		// $
			'%3f',		// ?
			'%3b',		// ;
			'%3d'		// =
		);

		if ( ! $relative_path)
		{
			$bad[] = './';
			$bad[] = '/';
		}

		$str = remove_invisible_characters($str, FALSE);
		return stripslashes(str_replace($bad, '', $str));
	}

	// ----------------------------------------------------------------

	/**
	 * Strip Image Tags
	 *
	 * @param	string
	 * @return	string
	 */
	public function strip_image_tags($str)
	{
		return preg_replace(array('#<img\s+.*?src\s*=\s*["\'](.+?)["\'].*?\>#', '#<img\s+.*?src\s*=\s*(.+?).*?\>#'), '\\1', $str);
	}

	// ----------------------------------------------------------------

	/**
	 * Compact Exploded Words
	 *
	 * Callback function for xss_clean() to remove whitespace from
	 * things like j a v a s c r i p t
	 *
	 * @param	array
	 * @return	string
	 */
	protected function _compact_exploded_words($matches)
	{
		return preg_replace('/\s+/s', '', $matches[1]).$matches[2];
	}

	// --------------------------------------------------------------------

	/**
	 * Remove Evil HTML Attributes (like event handlers and style)
	 *
	 * It removes the evil attribute and either:
	 * 	- Everything up until a space
	 *		For example, everything between the pipes:
	 *		<a |style=document.write('hello');alert('world');| class=link>
	 * 	- Everything inside the quotes
	 *		For example, everything between the pipes:
	 *		<a |style="document.write('hello'); alert('world');"| class="link">
	 *
	 * @param string $str The string to check
	 * @param boolean $is_image TRUE if this is an image
	 * @return string The string with the evil attributes removed
	 */
	protected function _remove_evil_attributes($str, $is_image)
	{
		// All javascript event handlers (e.g. onload, onclick, onmouseover), style, and xmlns
		$evil_attributes = array('on\w*', 'style', 'xmlns', 'formaction');

		if ($is_image === TRUE)
		{
			/*
			 * Adobe Photoshop puts XML metadata into JFIF images,
			 * including namespacing, so we have to allow this for images.
			 */
			unset($evil_attributes[array_search('xmlns', $evil_attributes)]);
		}

		do {
			$count = 0;
			$attribs = array();

			// find occurrences of illegal attribute strings without quotes
			preg_match_all('/('.implode('|', $evil_attributes).')\s*=\s*([^\s>]*)/is', $str, $matches, PREG_SET_ORDER);

			foreach ($matches as $attr)
			{

				$attribs[] = preg_quote($attr[0], '/');
			}

			// find occurrences of illegal attribute strings with quotes (042 and 047 are octal quotes)
			preg_match_all('/('.implode('|', $evil_attributes).')\s*=\s*(\042|\047)([^\\2]*?)(\\2)/is', $str, $matches, PREG_SET_ORDER);

			foreach ($matches as $attr)
			{
				$attribs[] = preg_quote($attr[0], '/');
			}

			// replace illegal attribute strings that are inside an html tag
			if (count($attribs) > 0)
			{
				$str = preg_replace('/<(\/?[^><]+?)([^A-Za-z<>\-])(.*?)('.implode('|', $attribs).')(.*?)([\s><])([><]*)/i', '<$1 $3$5$6$7', $str, -1, $count);
			}

		} while ($count);

		return $str;
	}

	// --------------------------------------------------------------------

	/**
	 * Sanitize Naughty HTML
	 *
	 * Callback function for xss_clean() to remove naughty HTML elements
	 *
	 * @param	array
	 * @return	string
	 */
	protected function _sanitize_naughty_html($matches)
	{
		return '&lt;'.$matches[1].$matches[2].$matches[3] // encode opening brace
			// encode captured opening or closing brace to prevent recursive vectors:
			.str_replace(array('>', '<'), array('&gt;', '&lt;'), $matches[4]);
	}

	// --------------------------------------------------------------------

	/**
	 * JS Link Removal
	 *
	 * Callback function for xss_clean() to sanitize links
	 * This limits the PCRE backtracks, making it more performance friendly
	 * and prevents PREG_BACKTRACK_LIMIT_ERROR from being triggered in
	 * PHP 5.2+ on link-heavy strings
	 *
	 * @param	array
	 * @return	string
	 */
	protected function _js_link_removal($match)
	{
		return str_replace($match[1],
					preg_replace('#href=.*?(?:alert\(|alert&\#40;|javascript:|livescript:|mocha:|charset=|window\.|document\.|\.cookie|<script|<xss|data\s*:)#si',
							'',
							$this->_filter_attributes(str_replace(array('<', '>'), '', $match[1]))
					),
					$match[0]);
	}

	// --------------------------------------------------------------------

	/**
	 * JS Image Removal
	 *
	 * Callback function for xss_clean() to sanitize image tags
	 * This limits the PCRE backtracks, making it more performance friendly
	 * and prevents PREG_BACKTRACK_LIMIT_ERROR from being triggered in
	 * PHP 5.2+ on image tag heavy strings
	 *
	 * @param	array
	 * @return	string
	 */
	protected function _js_img_removal($match)
	{
		return str_replace($match[1],
					preg_replace('#src=.*?(?:alert\(|alert&\#40;|javascript:|livescript:|mocha:|charset=|window\.|document\.|\.cookie|<script|<xss|base64\s*,)#si',
							'',
							$this->_filter_attributes(str_replace(array('<', '>'), '', $match[1]))
					),
					$match[0]);
	}

	// --------------------------------------------------------------------

	/**
	 * Attribute Conversion
	 *
	 * Used as a callback for XSS Clean
	 *
	 * @param	array
	 * @return	string
	 */
	protected function _convert_attribute($match)
	{
		return str_replace(array('>', '<', '\\'), array('&gt;', '&lt;', '\\\\'), $match[0]);
	}

	// --------------------------------------------------------------------

	/**
	 * Filter Attributes
	 *
	 * Filters tag attributes for consistency and safety
	 *
	 * @param	string
	 * @return	string
	 */
	protected function _filter_attributes($str)
	{
		$out = '';
		if (preg_match_all('#\s*[a-z\-]+\s*=\s*(\042|\047)([^\\1]*?)\\1#is', $str, $matches))
		{
			foreach ($matches[0] as $match)
			{
				$out .= preg_replace('#/\*.*?\*/#s', '', $match);
			}
		}

		return $out;
	}

	// --------------------------------------------------------------------

	/**
	 * HTML Entity Decode Callback
	 *
	 * Used as a callback for XSS Clean
	 *
	 * @param	array
	 * @return	string
	 */
	protected function _decode_entity($match)
	{
		return $this->entity_decode($match[0], strtoupper(config_item('charset')));
	}

	// --------------------------------------------------------------------

	/**
	 * Validate URL entities
	 *
	 * Called by xss_clean()
	 *
	 * @param 	string
	 * @return 	string
	 */
	protected function _validate_entities($str)
	{
		/*
		 * Protect GET variables in URLs
		 */

		// 901119URL5918AMP18930PROTECT8198
		$str = preg_replace('|\&([a-z\_0-9\-]+)\=([a-z\_0-9\-]+)|i', $this->xss_hash().'\\1=\\2', $str);

		/*
		 * Validate standard character entities
		 *
		 * Add a semicolon if missing.  We do this to enable
		 * the conversion of entities to ASCII later.
		 */
		$str = preg_replace('#(&\#?[0-9a-z]{2,})([\x00-\x20])*;?#i', '\\1;\\2', $str);

		/*
		 * Validate UTF16 two byte encoding (x00)
		 *
		 * Just as above, adds a semicolon if missing.
		 */
		$str = preg_replace('#(&\#x?)([0-9A-F]+);?#i', '\\1\\2;', $str);

		/*
		 * Un-Protect GET variables in URLs
		 */
		return str_replace($this->xss_hash(), '&', $str);
	}

	// ----------------------------------------------------------------------

	/**
	 * Do Never Allowed
	 *
	 * A utility function for xss_clean()
	 *
	 * @param 	string
	 * @return 	string
	 */
	protected function _do_never_allowed($str)
	{
		$str = str_replace(array_keys($this->_never_allowed_str), $this->_never_allowed_str, $str);

		foreach ($this->_never_allowed_regex as $regex)
		{
			$str = preg_replace('#'.$regex.'#is', '[removed]', $str);
		}

		return $str;
	}

	// --------------------------------------------------------------------

	/**
	 * Set Cross Site Request Forgery Protection Cookie
	 *
	 * @return	string
	 */
	protected function _csrf_set_hash()
	{
		if ($this->_csrf_hash === '')
		{
			// If the cookie exists we will use it's value.
			// We don't necessarily want to regenerate it with
			// each page load since a page could contain embedded
			// sub-pages causing this feature to fail
			if (isset($_COOKIE[$this->_csrf_cookie_name]) &&
				preg_match('#^[0-9a-f]{32}$#iS', $_COOKIE[$this->_csrf_cookie_name]) === 1)
			{
				return $this->_csrf_hash = $_COOKIE[$this->_csrf_cookie_name];
			}

			$this->_csrf_hash = md5(uniqid(rand(), TRUE));
			$this->csrf_set_cookie();
		}

		return $this->_csrf_hash;
	}

}

/* End of file Security.php */
/* Location: ./system/core/Security.php */