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424
425 <div class="section" id="transactions">
426<h1>Transactions<a class="headerlink" href="#transactions" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h1>
427<p>CodeIgniter’s database abstraction allows you to use transactions with
428databases that support transaction-safe table types. In MySQL, you’ll
429need to be running InnoDB or BDB table types rather than the more common
430MyISAM. Most other database platforms support transactions natively.</p>
431<p>If you are not familiar with transactions we recommend you find a good
432online resource to learn about them for your particular database. The
433information below assumes you have a basic understanding of
434transactions.</p>
435<div class="section" id="codeigniter-s-approach-to-transactions">
436<h2>CodeIgniter’s Approach to Transactions<a class="headerlink" href="#codeigniter-s-approach-to-transactions" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
437<p>CodeIgniter utilizes an approach to transactions that is very similar to
438the process used by the popular database class ADODB. We’ve chosen that
439approach because it greatly simplifies the process of running
440transactions. In most cases all that is required are two lines of code.</p>
441<p>Traditionally, transactions have required a fair amount of work to
442implement since they demand that you keep track of your queries and
443determine whether to commit or rollback based on the success or failure
444of your queries. This is particularly cumbersome with nested queries. In
445contrast, we’ve implemented a smart transaction system that does all
446this for you automatically (you can also manage your transactions
447manually if you choose to, but there’s really no benefit).</p>
448</div>
449<div class="section" id="running-transactions">
450<h2>Running Transactions<a class="headerlink" href="#running-transactions" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
451<p>To run your queries using transactions you will use the
452$this-&gt;db-&gt;trans_start() and $this-&gt;db-&gt;trans_complete() functions as
453follows:</p>
454<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">db</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">trans_start</span><span class="p">();</span>
455<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">db</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">query</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;AN SQL QUERY...&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
456<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">db</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">query</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;ANOTHER QUERY...&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
457<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">db</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">query</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;AND YET ANOTHER QUERY...&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
458<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">db</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">trans_complete</span><span class="p">();</span>
459</pre></div>
460</div>
461<p>You can run as many queries as you want between the start/complete
462functions and they will all be committed or rolled back based on success
463or failure of any given query.</p>
464</div>
465<div class="section" id="strict-mode">
466<h2>Strict Mode<a class="headerlink" href="#strict-mode" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
467<p>By default CodeIgniter runs all transactions in Strict Mode. When strict
468mode is enabled, if you are running multiple groups of transactions, if
469one group fails all groups will be rolled back. If strict mode is
470disabled, each group is treated independently, meaning a failure of one
471group will not affect any others.</p>
472<p>Strict Mode can be disabled as follows:</p>
473<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">db</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">trans_strict</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">FALSE</span><span class="p">);</span>
474</pre></div>
475</div>
476</div>
477<div class="section" id="managing-errors">
478<h2>Managing Errors<a class="headerlink" href="#managing-errors" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
479<p>If you have error reporting enabled in your config/database.php file
480you’ll see a standard error message if the commit was unsuccessful. If
481debugging is turned off, you can manage your own errors like this:</p>
482<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">db</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">trans_start</span><span class="p">();</span>
483<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">db</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">query</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;AN SQL QUERY...&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
484<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">db</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">query</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;ANOTHER QUERY...&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
485<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">db</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">trans_complete</span><span class="p">();</span>
486
487<span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">db</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">trans_status</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">===</span> <span class="k">FALSE</span><span class="p">)</span>
488<span class="p">{</span>
489 <span class="c1">// generate an error... or use the log_message() function to log your error</span>
490<span class="p">}</span>
491</pre></div>
492</div>
493</div>
494<div class="section" id="disabling-transactions">
495<h2>Disabling Transactions<a class="headerlink" href="#disabling-transactions" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
496<p>If you would like to disable transactions you can do so using
497<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$this-&gt;db-&gt;trans_off()</span></code>:</p>
498<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">db</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">trans_off</span><span class="p">();</span>
499
500<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">db</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">trans_start</span><span class="p">();</span>
501<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">db</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">query</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;AN SQL QUERY...&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
502<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">db</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">trans_complete</span><span class="p">();</span>
503</pre></div>
504</div>
505<p>When transactions are disabled, your queries will be auto-committed, just as
506they are when running queries without transactions, practically ignoring
507any calls to <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">trans_start()</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">trans_complete()</span></code>, etc.</p>
508</div>
509<div class="section" id="test-mode">
510<h2>Test Mode<a class="headerlink" href="#test-mode" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
511<p>You can optionally put the transaction system into “test mode”, which
512will cause your queries to be rolled back – even if the queries produce
513a valid result. To use test mode simply set the first parameter in the
514$this-&gt;db-&gt;trans_start() function to TRUE:</p>
515<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">db</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">trans_start</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">TRUE</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="c1">// Query will be rolled back</span>
516<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">db</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">query</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;AN SQL QUERY...&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
517<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">db</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">trans_complete</span><span class="p">();</span>
518</pre></div>
519</div>
520</div>
521<div class="section" id="running-transactions-manually">
522<h2>Running Transactions Manually<a class="headerlink" href="#running-transactions-manually" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
523<p>If you would like to run transactions manually you can do so as follows:</p>
524<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">db</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">trans_begin</span><span class="p">();</span>
525
526<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">db</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">query</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;AN SQL QUERY...&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
527<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">db</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">query</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;ANOTHER QUERY...&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
528<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">db</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">query</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;AND YET ANOTHER QUERY...&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
529
530<span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">db</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">trans_status</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">===</span> <span class="k">FALSE</span><span class="p">)</span>
531<span class="p">{</span>
532 <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">db</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">trans_rollback</span><span class="p">();</span>
533<span class="p">}</span>
534<span class="k">else</span>
535<span class="p">{</span>
536 <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">db</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">trans_commit</span><span class="p">();</span>
537<span class="p">}</span>
538</pre></div>
539</div>
540<div class="admonition note">
541<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
542<p class="last">Make sure to use $this-&gt;db-&gt;trans_begin() when running manual
543transactions, <strong>NOT</strong> $this-&gt;db-&gt;trans_start().</p>
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