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425 <div class="section" id="error-handling">
426<h1>Error Handling<a class="headerlink" href="#error-handling" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h1>
427<p>CodeIgniter lets you build error reporting into your applications using
428the functions described below. In addition, it has an error logging
429class that permits error and debugging messages to be saved as text
430files.</p>
431<div class="admonition note">
432<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
433<p class="last">By default, CodeIgniter displays all PHP errors. You might
434wish to change this behavior once your development is complete. You’ll
435find the error_reporting() function located at the top of your main
436index.php file. Disabling error reporting will NOT prevent log files
437from being written if there are errors.</p>
438</div>
439<p>Unlike most systems in CodeIgniter, the error functions are simple
440procedural interfaces that are available globally throughout the
441application. This approach permits error messages to get triggered
442without having to worry about class/function scoping.</p>
443<p>CodeIgniter also returns a status code whenever a portion of the core
444calls <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">exit()</span></code>. This exit status code is separate from the HTTP status
445code, and serves as a notice to other processes that may be watching of
446whether the script completed successfully, or if not, what kind of
447problem it encountered that caused it to abort. These values are
448defined in <em>application/config/constants.php</em>. While exit status codes
449are most useful in CLI settings, returning the proper code helps server
450software keep track of your scripts and the health of your application.</p>
451<p>The following functions let you generate errors:</p>
452<dl class="function">
453<dt id="show_error">
454<code class="descname">show_error</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$message</em>, <em>$status_code</em>, <em>$heading = 'An Error Was Encountered'</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#show_error" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
455<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
456<col class="field-name" />
457<col class="field-body" />
458<tbody valign="top">
459<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
460<li><strong>$message</strong> (<em>mixed</em>) – Error message</li>
461<li><strong>$status_code</strong> (<em>int</em>) – HTTP Response status code</li>
462<li><strong>$heading</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Error page heading</li>
463</ul>
464</td>
465</tr>
466<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">void</p>
467</td>
468</tr>
469</tbody>
470</table>
471<p>This function will display the error message supplied to it using
472the error template appropriate to your execution:</p>
473<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nx">application</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nx">views</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nx">errors</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nx">html</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nx">error_general</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nx">php</span>
474</pre></div>
475</div>
476<p>or:</p>
477<blockquote>
478<div>application/views/errors/cli/error_general.php</div></blockquote>
479<p>The optional parameter <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$status_code</span></code> determines what HTTP status
480code should be sent with the error. If <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$status_code</span></code> is less
481than 100, the HTTP status code will be set to 500, and the exit
482status code will be set to <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$status_code</span> <span class="pre">+</span> <span class="pre">EXIT__AUTO_MIN</span></code>.
483If that value is larger than <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">EXIT__AUTO_MAX</span></code>, or if
484<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$status_code</span></code> is 100 or higher, the exit status code will be set
485to <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">EXIT_ERROR</span></code>.
486You can check in <em>application/config/constants.php</em> for more detail.</p>
487</dd></dl>
488
489<dl class="function">
490<dt id="show_404">
491<code class="descname">show_404</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$page = ''</em>, <em>$log_error = TRUE</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#show_404" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
492<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
493<col class="field-name" />
494<col class="field-body" />
495<tbody valign="top">
496<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
497<li><strong>$page</strong> (<em>string</em>) – URI string</li>
498<li><strong>$log_error</strong> (<em>bool</em>) – Whether to log the error</li>
499</ul>
500</td>
501</tr>
502<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">void</p>
503</td>
504</tr>
505</tbody>
506</table>
507<p>This function will display the 404 error message supplied to it
508using the error template appropriate to your execution:</p>
509<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nx">application</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nx">views</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nx">errors</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nx">html</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nx">error_404</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nx">php</span>
510</pre></div>
511</div>
512<p>or:</p>
513<blockquote>
514<div>application/views/errors/cli/error_404.php</div></blockquote>
515<p>The function expects the string passed to it to be the file path to
516the page that isn’t found. The exit status code will be set to
517<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">EXIT_UNKNOWN_FILE</span></code>.
518Note that CodeIgniter automatically shows 404 messages if
519controllers are not found.</p>
520<p>CodeIgniter automatically logs any <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">show_404()</span></code> calls. Setting the
521optional second parameter to FALSE will skip logging.</p>
522</dd></dl>
523
524<dl class="function">
525<dt id="log_message">
526<code class="descname">log_message</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$level</em>, <em>$message</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#log_message" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
527<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
528<col class="field-name" />
529<col class="field-body" />
530<tbody valign="top">
531<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
532<li><strong>$level</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Log level: ‘error’, ‘debug’ or ‘info’</li>
533<li><strong>$message</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Message to log</li>
534</ul>
535</td>
536</tr>
537<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">void</p>
538</td>
539</tr>
540</tbody>
541</table>
542<p>This function lets you write messages to your log files. You must
543supply one of three “levels” in the first parameter, indicating what
544type of message it is (debug, error, info), with the message itself
545in the second parameter.</p>
546<p>Example:</p>
547<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$some_var</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
548<span class="p">{</span>
549 <span class="nx">log_message</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;error&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Some variable did not contain a value.&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
550<span class="p">}</span>
551<span class="k">else</span>
552<span class="p">{</span>
553 <span class="nx">log_message</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;debug&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Some variable was correctly set&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
554<span class="p">}</span>
555
556<span class="nx">log_message</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;info&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;The purpose of some variable is to provide some value.&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
557</pre></div>
558</div>
559<p>There are three message types:</p>
560<ol class="arabic simple">
561<li>Error Messages. These are actual errors, such as PHP errors or
562user errors.</li>
563<li>Debug Messages. These are messages that assist in debugging. For
564example, if a class has been initialized, you could log this as
565debugging info.</li>
566<li>Informational Messages. These are the lowest priority messages,
567simply giving information regarding some process.</li>
568</ol>
569<div class="admonition note">
570<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
571<p class="last">In order for the log file to actually be written, the
572<em>logs/</em> directory must be writable. In addition, you must
573set the “threshold” for logging in
574<em>application/config/config.php</em>. You might, for example,
575only want error messages to be logged, and not the other
576two types. If you set it to zero logging will be disabled.</p>
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