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425 <div class="section" id="models">
426<h1><a class="toc-backref" href="#id1">Models</a><a class="headerlink" href="#models" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h1>
427<p>Models are <strong>optionally</strong> available for those who want to use a more
428traditional MVC approach.</p>
429<div class="contents topic" id="page-contents">
430<p class="topic-title first">Page Contents</p>
431<ul class="simple">
432<li><a class="reference internal" href="#models" id="id1">Models</a><ul>
433<li><a class="reference internal" href="#what-is-a-model" id="id2">What is a Model?</a></li>
434<li><a class="reference internal" href="#anatomy-of-a-model" id="id3">Anatomy of a Model</a></li>
435<li><a class="reference internal" href="#loading-a-model" id="id4">Loading a Model</a></li>
436<li><a class="reference internal" href="#auto-loading-models" id="id5">Auto-loading Models</a></li>
437<li><a class="reference internal" href="#connecting-to-your-database" id="id6">Connecting to your Database</a></li>
438</ul>
439</li>
440</ul>
441</div>
442<div class="section" id="what-is-a-model">
443<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id2">What is a Model?</a><a class="headerlink" href="#what-is-a-model" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
444<p>Models are PHP classes that are designed to work with information in
445your database. For example, let’s say you use CodeIgniter to manage a
446blog. You might have a model class that contains functions to insert,
447update, and retrieve your blog data. Here is an example of what such a
448model class might look like:</p>
449<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">Blog_model</span> <span class="k">extends</span> <span class="nx">CI_Model</span> <span class="p">{</span>
450
451 <span class="k">public</span> <span class="nv">$title</span><span class="p">;</span>
452 <span class="k">public</span> <span class="nv">$content</span><span class="p">;</span>
453 <span class="k">public</span> <span class="nv">$date</span><span class="p">;</span>
454
455 <span class="k">public</span> <span class="k">function</span> <span class="nf">get_last_ten_entries</span><span class="p">()</span>
456 <span class="p">{</span>
457 <span class="nv">$query</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">db</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;entries&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">);</span>
458 <span class="k">return</span> <span class="nv">$query</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">result</span><span class="p">();</span>
459 <span class="p">}</span>
460
461 <span class="k">public</span> <span class="k">function</span> <span class="nf">insert_entry</span><span class="p">()</span>
462 <span class="p">{</span>
463 <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">title</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$_POST</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;title&#39;</span><span class="p">];</span> <span class="c1">// please read the below note</span>
464 <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">content</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$_POST</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;content&#39;</span><span class="p">];</span>
465 <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">date</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">time</span><span class="p">();</span>
466
467 <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">db</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">insert</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;entries&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="p">);</span>
468 <span class="p">}</span>
469
470 <span class="k">public</span> <span class="k">function</span> <span class="nf">update_entry</span><span class="p">()</span>
471 <span class="p">{</span>
472 <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">title</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$_POST</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;title&#39;</span><span class="p">];</span>
473 <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">content</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$_POST</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;content&#39;</span><span class="p">];</span>
474 <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">date</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">time</span><span class="p">();</span>
475
476 <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">db</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">update</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;entries&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;id&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="nv">$_POST</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;id&#39;</span><span class="p">]));</span>
477 <span class="p">}</span>
478
479<span class="p">}</span>
480</pre></div>
481</div>
482<div class="admonition note">
483<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
484<p class="last">The methods in the above example use the <a class="reference internal" href="../database/query_builder.html"><span class="doc">Query Builder</span></a> database methods.</p>
485</div>
486<div class="admonition note">
487<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
488<p class="last">For the sake of simplicity in this example we’re using <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$_POST</span></code>
489directly. This is generally bad practice, and a more common approach
490would be to use the <a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/input.html"><span class="doc">Input Library</span></a>
491<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$this-&gt;input-&gt;post('title')</span></code>.</p>
492</div>
493</div>
494<div class="section" id="anatomy-of-a-model">
495<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id3">Anatomy of a Model</a><a class="headerlink" href="#anatomy-of-a-model" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
496<p>Model classes are stored in your <strong>application/models/</strong> directory.
497They can be nested within sub-directories if you want this type of
498organization.</p>
499<p>The basic prototype for a model class is this:</p>
500<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">Model_name</span> <span class="k">extends</span> <span class="nx">CI_Model</span> <span class="p">{</span>
501
502<span class="p">}</span>
503</pre></div>
504</div>
505<p>Where <strong>Model_name</strong> is the name of your class. Class names <strong>must</strong> have
506the first letter capitalized with the rest of the name lowercase. Make
507sure your class extends the base Model class.</p>
508<p>The file name must match the class name. For example, if this is your class:</p>
509<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">User_model</span> <span class="k">extends</span> <span class="nx">CI_Model</span> <span class="p">{</span>
510
511<span class="p">}</span>
512</pre></div>
513</div>
514<p>Your file will be this:</p>
515<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nx">application</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nx">models</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nx">User_model</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nx">php</span>
516</pre></div>
517</div>
518</div>
519<div class="section" id="loading-a-model">
520<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id4">Loading a Model</a><a class="headerlink" href="#loading-a-model" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
521<p>Your models will typically be loaded and called from within your
522<a class="reference internal" href="controllers.html"><span class="doc">controller</span></a> methods. To load a model you will use
523the following method:</p>
524<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">model</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;model_name&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
525</pre></div>
526</div>
527<p>If your model is located in a sub-directory, include the relative path
528from your models directory. For example, if you have a model located at
529<em>application/models/blog/Queries.php</em> you’ll load it using:</p>
530<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">model</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;blog/queries&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
531</pre></div>
532</div>
533<p>Once loaded, you will access your model methods using an object with the
534same name as your class:</p>
535<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">model</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;model_name&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
536
537<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">model_name</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">method</span><span class="p">();</span>
538</pre></div>
539</div>
540<p>If you would like your model assigned to a different object name you can
541specify it via the second parameter of the loading method:</p>
542<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">model</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;model_name&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;foobar&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
543
544<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">foobar</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">method</span><span class="p">();</span>
545</pre></div>
546</div>
547<p>Here is an example of a controller, that loads a model, then serves a
548view:</p>
549<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">Blog_controller</span> <span class="k">extends</span> <span class="nx">CI_Controller</span> <span class="p">{</span>
550
551 <span class="k">public</span> <span class="k">function</span> <span class="nf">blog</span><span class="p">()</span>
552 <span class="p">{</span>
553 <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">model</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;blog&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
554
555 <span class="nv">$data</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;query&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">blog</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">get_last_ten_entries</span><span class="p">();</span>
556
557 <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">view</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;blog&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$data</span><span class="p">);</span>
558 <span class="p">}</span>
559<span class="p">}</span>
560</pre></div>
561</div>
562</div>
563<div class="section" id="auto-loading-models">
564<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id5">Auto-loading Models</a><a class="headerlink" href="#auto-loading-models" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
565<p>If you find that you need a particular model globally throughout your
566application, you can tell CodeIgniter to auto-load it during system
567initialization. This is done by opening the
568<strong>application/config/autoload.php</strong> file and adding the model to the
569autoload array.</p>
570</div>
571<div class="section" id="connecting-to-your-database">
572<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id6">Connecting to your Database</a><a class="headerlink" href="#connecting-to-your-database" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
573<p>When a model is loaded it does <strong>NOT</strong> connect automatically to your
574database. The following options for connecting are available to you:</p>
575<ul>
576<li><p class="first">You can connect using the standard database methods <a class="reference internal" href="../database/connecting.html"><span class="doc">described
577here</span></a>, either from within your
578Controller class or your Model class.</p>
579</li>
580<li><p class="first">You can tell the model loading method to auto-connect by passing
581TRUE (boolean) via the third parameter, and connectivity settings,
582as defined in your database config file will be used:</p>
583<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">model</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;model_name&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k">TRUE</span><span class="p">);</span>
584</pre></div>
585</div>
586</li>
587<li><p class="first">You can manually pass database connectivity settings via the third
588parameter:</p>
589<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$config</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;hostname&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;localhost&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
590<span class="nv">$config</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;username&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;myusername&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
591<span class="nv">$config</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;password&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;mypassword&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
592<span class="nv">$config</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;database&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;mydatabase&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
593<span class="nv">$config</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;dbdriver&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;mysqli&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
594<span class="nv">$config</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;dbprefix&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
595<span class="nv">$config</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;pconnect&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">FALSE</span><span class="p">;</span>
596<span class="nv">$config</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;db_debug&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">TRUE</span><span class="p">;</span>
597
598<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">model</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;model_name&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$config</span><span class="p">);</span>
599</pre></div>
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