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Derek Allard404e35d2007-08-07 01:00:45 +0000[diff] [blame]5<title>CodeIgniter User Guide : Views</title>
adminb0dd10f2006-08-25 17:25:49 +0000[diff] [blame]6
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Derek Allard39b622d2008-01-16 21:10:09 +0000[diff] [blame]31<td><h1>CodeIgniter User Guide Version 1.6.0</h1></td>
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Derek Allardd2df9bc2007-04-15 17:41:17 +0000[diff] [blame]43<a href="http://www.codeigniter.com/">CodeIgniter Home</a> &nbsp;&#8250;&nbsp;
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45Views
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Derek Allardbc030912007-06-24 18:25:29 +0000[diff] [blame]47<td id="searchbox"><form method="get" action="http://www.google.com/search"><input type="hidden" name="as_sitesearch" id="as_sitesearch" value="codeigniter.com/user_guide/" />Search User Guide&nbsp; <input type="text" class="input" style="width:200px;" name="q" id="q" size="31" maxlength="255" value="" />&nbsp;<input type="submit" class="submit" name="sa" value="Go" /></form></td>
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56<div id="content">
57
58<h1>Views</h1>
59
60<p>A <dfn>view</dfn> is simply a web page, or a page fragment, like a header, footer, sidebar, etc.
admine334c472006-10-21 19:44:22 +0000[diff] [blame]61In fact, views can flexibly be embedded within other views (within other views, etc., etc.) if you need this type
adminb0dd10f2006-08-25 17:25:49 +0000[diff] [blame]62of hierarchy.</p>
63
64<p>Views are never called directly, they must be loaded by a <a href="controllers.html">controller</a>. Remember that in an MVC framework, the Controller acts as the
admine334c472006-10-21 19:44:22 +0000[diff] [blame]65traffic cop, so it is responsible for fetching a particular view. If you have not read the <a href="controllers.html">Controllers</a> page
adminb0dd10f2006-08-25 17:25:49 +0000[diff] [blame]66you should do so before continuing.</p>
67
68<p>Using the example controller you created in the <a href="controllers.html">controller</a> page, let's add a view to it.</p>
69
70<h2>Creating a View</h2>
71
72<p>Using your text editor, create a file called <dfn>blogview.php</dfn>, and put this in it:</p>
73
74<textarea class="textarea" style="width:100%" cols="50" rows="10">
Derek Allardc6441282007-07-04 23:54:32 +0000[diff] [blame]75&lt;html>
76&lt;head>
77&lt;title>My Blog&lt;/title>
78&lt;/head>
79&lt;body>
80 &lt;h1>Welcome to my Blog!&lt;/h1>
81&lt;/body>
82&lt;/html>
adminb0dd10f2006-08-25 17:25:49 +0000[diff] [blame]83</textarea>
84
85<p>Then save the file in your <dfn>application/views/</dfn> folder.</p>
86
87<h2>Loading a View</h2>
88
89<p>To load a particular view file you will use the following function:</p>
90
91<code>$this->load->view('<var>name</var>');</code>
92
admin108d18a2006-09-02 17:45:38 +0000[diff] [blame]93<p>Where <var>name</var> is the name of your view file. Note: The .php file extension does not need to be specified unless you use something other then <kbd>.php</kbd>.</p>
adminb0dd10f2006-08-25 17:25:49 +0000[diff] [blame]94
Rick Ellis325197e2006-11-20 17:29:05 +0000[diff] [blame]95
adminb0dd10f2006-08-25 17:25:49 +0000[diff] [blame]96<p>Now, open the controller file you made earlier called <dfn>blog.php</dfn>, and replace the echo statement with the view loading function:</p>
97
98
99<textarea class="textarea" style="width:100%" cols="50" rows="10">
100<?php
101class Blog extends Controller {
102
103 function index()
104 {
105 $this->load->view('blogview');
106 }
107}
108?>
109</textarea>
110
111
112<p>If you visit the your site using the URL you did earlier you should see your new view. The URL was similar to this:</p>
113
114<code>www.your-site.com/index.php/<var>blog</var>/</code>
115
Derek Allard270c0aa2008-01-18 23:19:41 +0000[diff] [blame^]116<h2>Loading multiple views</h2>
117<p>CodeIgniter will intelligently handle multiple calls to $this-&gt;load-&gt;view from within a controller. If more then one call happens they will be appended together. For example, you may wish to have a header view, a menu view, a content view, and a footer view. That might look something like this:</p>
118<p><code>&lt;?php<br />
119<br />
120class Page extends Controller {<br /><br />
Rick Ellis325197e2006-11-20 17:29:05 +0000[diff] [blame]121
Derek Allard270c0aa2008-01-18 23:19:41 +0000[diff] [blame^]122 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;function index()<br />
123&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;{<br />
124&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;$data['page_title'] = 'Your title';<br />
125&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;$this-&gt;load-&gt;view('header');<br />
126&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;$this-&gt;load-&gt;view('menu');<br />
127&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;$this-&gt;load-&gt;view('content', $data);<br />
128&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;$this-&gt;load-&gt;view('footer');<br />
129&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;}<br />
130<br />
131}<br />
132 ?&gt;</code></p>
133<p>In the example above, we are using &quot;dynamically added data&quot;, which you will see below.</p>
134<h2>Storing Views within Sub-folders</h2>
Rick Ellis325197e2006-11-20 17:29:05 +0000[diff] [blame]135<p>Your view files can also be stored within sub-folders if you prefer that type of organization. When doing so you will need
136to include the folder name loading the view. Example:</p>
137
138<code>$this->load->view('<kbd>folder_name</kbd>/<var>file_name</var>');</code>
139
adminb0dd10f2006-08-25 17:25:49 +0000[diff] [blame]140
141<h2>Adding Dynamic Data to the View</h2>
142
admine334c472006-10-21 19:44:22 +0000[diff] [blame]143<p>Data is passed from the controller to the view by way of an <strong>array</strong> or an <strong>object</strong> in the second
adminb0dd10f2006-08-25 17:25:49 +0000[diff] [blame]144parameter of the view loading function. Here is an example using an array:</p>
145
146<code>$data = array(<br />
147&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'title' => 'My Title',<br />
Rick Ellis0cb34042007-03-23 21:02:11 +0000[diff] [blame]148&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'heading' => 'My Heading',<br />
adminb0dd10f2006-08-25 17:25:49 +0000[diff] [blame]149&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'message' => 'My Message'<br />
150&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;);<br />
151<br />
152$this->load->view('blogview', <var>$data</var>);</code>
153
154<p>And here's an example using an object:</p>
155
156<code>$data = new Someclass();<br />
157$this->load->view('blogview', <var>$data</var>);</code>
158
159<p>Note: If you use an object, the class variables will be turned into array elements.</p>
160
161
162<p>Let's try it with your controller file. Open it add this code:</p>
163
164<textarea class="textarea" style="width:100%" cols="50" rows="14">
165<?php
166class Blog extends Controller {
167
168 function index()
169 {
170 $data['title'] = "My Real Title";
171 $data['heading'] = "My Real Heading";
172
173 $this->load->view('blogview', $data);
174 }
175}
176?>
177</textarea>
178
179
180<p>Now open your view file and change the text to variables that correspond to the array keys in your data:</p>
181
182
183<textarea class="textarea" style="width:100%" cols="50" rows="10">
Derek Allardc6441282007-07-04 23:54:32 +0000[diff] [blame]184&lt;html>
185&lt;head>
186&lt;title>&lt;?php echo $title;?>&lt;/title>
187&lt;/head>
188&lt;body>
189 &lt;h1>&lt;?php echo $heading;?>&lt;/h1>
190&lt;/body>
191&lt;/html>
adminb0dd10f2006-08-25 17:25:49 +0000[diff] [blame]192</textarea>
193
194<p>Then load the page at the URL you've been using and you should see the variables replaced.</p>
195
admine7e1dcd2006-10-21 18:04:01 +0000[diff] [blame]196<p><strong>Note:</strong> You'll notice that in the example above we are using PHP's alternative syntax. If you
adminb0dd10f2006-08-25 17:25:49 +0000[diff] [blame]197are not familiar with it you can read about it <a href="alternative_php.html">here</a>.</p>
198
199<h2>Creating Loops</h2>
200
201<p>The data array you pass to your view files is not limited to simple variables. You can
202pass multi dimensional arrays, which can be looped to generate multiple rows. For example, if you
203pull data from your database it will typically be in the form of a multi-dimensional array.</p>
204
205<p>Here's a simple example. Add this to your controller:</p>
206
207<textarea class="textarea" style="width:100%" cols="50" rows="17">
208<?php
209class Blog extends Controller {
210
211 function index()
212 {
213 $data['todo_list'] = array('Clean House', 'Call Mom', 'Run Errands');
214
215 $data['title'] = "My Real Title";
216 $data['heading'] = "My Real Heading";
217
218 $this->load->view('blogview', $data);
219 }
220}
221?>
222</textarea>
223
224
225<p>Now open your view file and create a loop:</p>
226
227
228<textarea class="textarea" style="width:100%" cols="50" rows="24">
Derek Allardc6441282007-07-04 23:54:32 +0000[diff] [blame]229&lt;html>
230&lt;head>
Derek Allard2005ffe2007-09-15 20:11:54 +0000[diff] [blame]231&lt;title>&lt;?php echo $title;?>&lt;/title>
Derek Allardc6441282007-07-04 23:54:32 +0000[diff] [blame]232&lt;/head>
233&lt;body>
Derek Allard2005ffe2007-09-15 20:11:54 +0000[diff] [blame]234&lt;h1>&lt;?php echo $heading;?>&lt;/h1>
adminb0dd10f2006-08-25 17:25:49 +0000[diff] [blame]235
Derek Allardc6441282007-07-04 23:54:32 +0000[diff] [blame]236&lt;h3>My Todo List&lt;/h3>
adminb0dd10f2006-08-25 17:25:49 +0000[diff] [blame]237
Derek Allardc6441282007-07-04 23:54:32 +0000[diff] [blame]238&lt;ul>
239&lt;?php foreach($todo_list as $item):?>
adminb0dd10f2006-08-25 17:25:49 +0000[diff] [blame]240
Derek Allard2005ffe2007-09-15 20:11:54 +0000[diff] [blame]241&lt;li>&lt;?php echo $item;?>&lt;/li>
adminb0dd10f2006-08-25 17:25:49 +0000[diff] [blame]242
Derek Allardc6441282007-07-04 23:54:32 +0000[diff] [blame]243&lt;?php endforeach;?>
244&lt;/ul>
adminb0dd10f2006-08-25 17:25:49 +0000[diff] [blame]245
246
Derek Allardc6441282007-07-04 23:54:32 +0000[diff] [blame]247&lt;/body>
248&lt;/html>
adminb0dd10f2006-08-25 17:25:49 +0000[diff] [blame]249</textarea>
250
251
252
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Derek Allardc6441282007-07-04 23:54:32 +0000[diff] [blame]264</p>
Derek Allardd2df9bc2007-04-15 17:41:17 +0000[diff] [blame]265<p><a href="http://www.codeigniter.com">CodeIgniter</a> &nbsp;&middot;&nbsp; Copyright &#169; 2007 &nbsp;&middot;&nbsp; <a href="http://ellislab.com/">Ellislab, Inc.</a></p>
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